第一章 单元测试

1、 问题:What is the main reason why weather forecasting beyond 2-3 days is challenging?（ ）
选项：
A:Lack of technology
B:Chaotic nature of weather variation
C:Limited data availability
D:Global warming effects
答案: 【
Chaotic nature of weather variation
】

2、 问题:In the context of climate, what does the term ‘anthropogenic changes’ refer to?（ ）
选项：
A:Natural climate variations
B:Changes induced by human activity
C:Weather patterns
D:Atmospheric loading
答案: 【
Changes induced by human activity
】

3、 问题:What is the primary factor responsible for the increase in atmospheric loading of CO2?（ ）
选项：
A:Variation in solar radiation
B:Fossil fuel combustion
C:Changes in land use
D:Ozone depletion
答案: 【
Fossil fuel combustion
】

4、 问题:How is the climate different from weather?（ ）
选项：
A:Climate is unpredictable, while weather is predictable.
B:Climate represents the average state over a longer period.
C:Weather is the long-term average of climate.
D:Climate and weather are synonymous.
答案: 【
Climate represents the average state over a longer period.
】

5、 问题:What is the purpose of using numerical models in predicting climate change?（ ）
选项：
A:To complicate the predictions
B:To simplify the climate system
C:To incorporate essential physics and describe relevant processes
D:To eliminate uncertainties
答案: 【
To incorporate essential physics and describe relevant processes
】

6、 问题:What is the term used for the approximation technique relating small-scale processes to the properties of grid-boxes in numerical models?（ ）
选项：
A:Simulation
B:Parametrization
C:Ensembling
D:Averaging
答案: 【
Parametrization
】

7、 问题:How do probabilistic or ensemble climate forecasts address the limitations of individual models?（ ）
选项：
A:By reducing model complexity
B:By eliminating biases
C:By running models with varying inputs multiple times
D:By using only biased models
答案: 【
By running models with varying inputs multiple times
】

8、 问题:Numerical models of the climate system perfectly represent the real world.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【
错
】

9、 问题:Parametrization in numerical models involves explicitly representing small-scale processes.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【
错
】

10、 问题:Ensemble climate forecasting helps reduce biases in individual models.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【
对
】

第二章 单元测试

1、 问题:What are the five main sections considered in the climate system?（ ）
选项：
A:The lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, troposphere, and stratosphere.
B:The atmosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.
C:The exosphere, lithosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere, and biosphere.
D:The thermosphere, troposphere, asthenosphere, stratosphere, and cryosphere.
答案: 【
The atmosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.
】

2、 问题:What is the primary source of energy driving the climate system?（ ）
选项：
A:Geothermal energy.
B:Nuclear fusion.
C:Solar radiation.
D:Wind power.
答案: 【
Solar radiation.
】

3、 问题:What is the term used for the clearing away of large areas of forest for agriculture or other purposes?（ ）
选项：
A:Urbanization.
B:Deforestation.
C:Desertification.
D:Reforestation.
答案: 【
Deforestation.
】

4、 问题:Which component of the climate system is responsible for transporting large quantities of heat via its circulation patterns?（ ）
选项：
A:Atmosphere.
B:Hydrosphere.
C:Cryosphere.
D:Biosphere.
答案: 【
Hydrosphere.
】

5、 问题:What is the primary reason for the rise in sea levels under climate change?（ ）
选项：
A:Thermal expansion of the ocean.
B:Decreased precipitation.
C:Reduced volcanic activity.
D:Enhanced cloud cover.
答案: 【
Thermal expansion of the ocean.
】

6、 问题:Which wavelength of radiation is emitted by hotter objects, such as the sun?（ ）
选项：
A:Long wavelength.
B:Infrared radiation.
C:Short wavelength.
D:Microwave radiation.
答案: 【
Short wavelength.
】

7、 问题:What region of the electromagnetic spectrum allows certain radiation to pass through the atmosphere directly into space?（ ）
选项：
A:Ultraviolet spectrum.
B:Infrared spectrum.
C:Visible spectrum.
D:Atmospheric window.
答案: 【
Atmospheric window.
】

8、 问题:Deforestation leads to a decrease in the atmospheric carbon dioxide level.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【
错
】

9、 问题:As climate warms, the hydrological cycle is expected to become less vigorous.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【
错
】

10、 问题:High clouds tend to have a cooling effect on the climate.（ ）
选项：
A:对
B:错
答案: 【
对
】

第三章 单元测试

1、 问题:What is the primary factor responsible for the positive feedback known as the water vapor feedback?（ ）
选项：
A:Melting of snow and ice
B:Changes in ocean currents
C:Increased cloudiness
D:Evaporation and water vapor in the atmosphere
答案: 【
Evaporation and water vapor in the atmosphere
】

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